Cabbage butterflies

Pteromalus; rider apanteles; trichogramma vs cabbage plant pests

            Caterpillars of cabbage butterflies cause such damages: edges of cabbage leaves were eaten by pests heavily sometimes remained intact only thick veins.
            Cabbage butterflies are yellow-green with black spots and blotches, arranged in rows. The body length of up to 40mm, covered with bristles and hairs. Pupae overwinter on the walls of buildings, fences, shrubs and trees. In the spring big (55 - 60mm wingspan) butterflies fly out. The fronts of the wings are with black corners, and the female butterflies have two round black spots on the wings.
            Butterflies lay their eggs in small heaps (15-20 each) on the leaves of cabbage plants. After a week or two, yellowish with black head young caterpillars appear. First they cling together; feeding on the underside of leaves, and then crawl out. 
            Large role in reducing these cabbage plant pests play rider apanteles, which lay eggs in the body of caterpillars; trichogramma and pteromalus parasitizing in pupae.
            Good results in the fight against the cabbage butterflies give the drug ethno-bakterin-3. It is used in an amount of 10g per 10liters of water. At spraying is necessary to try to capture the underside of leaves.

Cabbage moth

PESTS of PLANTS. Cabbage moth.

            Caterpillar of cabbage moth gnaws in cabbage leaves the "windows" skinned over by a thin skin.
Caterpillar of cabbage moth is spindle-shaped with rare bristles, in the beginning yellowish, then light green, length 7 - 12mm, with 16 legs. Pupas (seldom butterflies) are wintered, on weeds or the vegetative leavings. Front wings of butterfly are narrow, brown with a white strip, hind - grey, with a long fringe. Each female moth lays up to 170 eggs on the bottom side and leaf stalk. Approximately in a week caterpillars are born.  Caterpillars do in pulp of leaves "mines" and live there two-three days.  Then they behave an open way of life, one-sidedly skeletonizate the leaves (windows). At the slightest touch to caterpillars, they wriggle, curl and go down from leaves on silky spider web.
            In the south the moth cabbage gives five-eight generations.
            Against caterpillars the preparation entobakterin-3 is effective, for example.
It is necessary to clean carefully after harvest the vegetative leavings where pupas can winter and also to weed out promptly.

Cabbage flies

PESTS OF PLANTS. Larvae of spring cabbage fly

            White legless larvae of spring cabbage fly damage roots and lower stems of seedlings of cabbage.
            Lengths are up to 8mm; at the end of the body have 16 knolls. Puparia overwinter in the soil. The flies emerge during planting seedlings (in greenhouses before the open field). On the fourth and sixth day after flowering wild cherry, they start to lay eggs (white with a groove, cigar-shaped, about 1 mm long) on the lower part of stem, root collar, and often on the soil around the plants. Each female lays up to 100 eggs (several pieces per plant). About a week later the larvae emerge, which penetrate into the roots (not just cabbage and turnip). Heavily damaged plants when moisture deficiency die. After 20 - 30 days larvae turn into pupae, of which 15 - 20 days fly out flies. In the south during the year develop three generations.
            Dangerous pest of cabbage plants is a year-old fly that lives in one generation (the mature insects emerge after the harvest of early cabbage). The larvae damage roots and her stump sprouts. To combat it is recommended to plant the plants are not too deep, timely and feed their spud. Stumps must be removed immediately after harvest.

PLANT PESTS. Flea beetles


            Flea beetles (small jumping bugs) do on leaves of cruciferous plant, small deepenings in an ulcer kind.
            Most often from them meet: wavy, brightly-leg, sinuate, black, dark blue and a south crucifer flea beetle. Adult flea beetles winter under the fallen down leaves, under the vegetative rests, on a soil surface. Flea beetles in the early spring leave places of wintering. Flea beetles at first eat weeds. Further flea beetles attack shoots of cultural plants and sprouts. Sometimes flea beetles almost completely destroy shoots. Pericarps of cruciferous plant are damaged as well.
· Sinuate flea beetles oviposit in holes, which it gnaws out on roots;
· brightly-leg flea beetle - on leaves;
· other kinds of flea beetles - in soil.
            Injuriousness of flea beetles especially increases at hot and dry weather in the spring.      Larvae of flea beetles develop on roots, eating small roots.  Larvae of flea beetle can eat round root crops at a neck. Larvae of brightly-leg flea beetles "mine" leaves.
            Pupation of flea beetles occurs in soil. In the end of summer there is a new generation of flea beetles.
            For protection the cabbage sprouts from damage by flea beetles, it should bed as early as possible. The techniques directed on acceleration of growth of plants (fertilizer application, dosing, watering, and dusting with a road dust with ashes), reduce injuriousness of flea beetles.

Cabbage plant louse


            Why cabbage leaves roll, become colorless, and a head of cabbage not braided?
It is result of activity of a cabbage plant louse. It damages not only cabbage, but also:
·         turnip,
·         radish,
·         garden radish,
·         horse-radish.
Eggs of a plant louse (is brilliant-black, length to 0.5mm) pass winter on biennial cruciferous weeds and stumps. In the early spring larvae leave eggs, turning to wingless females, which without fertilization gives birth larvae. Soon there are also the winged females flying on other plants. Each female is capable give birth more than 40 larvae. For a summer happens more than 15 generations of the vermin (everyone develops in 10 - 14 days). Sometimes the damaged leaves turn pink; seeds are not formed.
The sexual generation (females and males) appears in September-October. After fertilization the female postpones two-four eggs.
Reduce number of the wrecker:
·         ladybirds,
·         larvae of flower flies
·         golden-eyed flies,
·         ichneumon-fly
and other insects and predators. In struggle against a plant louse as precautionary action it is necessary to destroy weeds.

How to bring down high blood pressure? Recipe of “UNOBI SUVI” (UNABI BROTH)

          1kg of unabi (Zizyphus jujuba), 2liters of water
        Wash out dried unabi in cold water. Cut large ones on three-four parts, the others leave as a whole. Put in the enameled ware. Fill in with strong boiled water, densely close with a cover. Wrap up with bath towel and leave at 10-20 hours (it is possible in a thermos as well).
Next morning filter through a double cheesecloth.
        Serve up the broth, and fill fruits again with 0.5litres of boiled water and leave in the closed ware till next day. Then serve up fruits separately.
        Treating high blood pressure. Such broth in folk medicine is used as very useful drink at a high blood pressure. Norm is 1 cup in one time.
        At an anemia it is counter-indicative!

ANOR SHARBATI



1l of pomegranate juice, 200g of sugar, 1 glass of boiled water, vanilla on a knife tip.
        Pour the wrung out fresh pomegranate juice in corrosion-proof ware. Dissolve sugar in a glass of warm water and add to the juice. Put on fire, as soon as will begin to boil, remove from fire. Enter vanillin, densely close with a cover and cool to room temperature.
        Before serve up it is possible to cool in the refrigerator.
They advise to drink it after fat and meat dishes and as a medicine for diarrhea. And sometimes as the freshening soft drink tempting appetite.
Wrap up with bath towel and leave at 10-20 hours (it is possible in a thermos as well).
SHARBAT


             1kg of dried apricots, 2liters of water
        Take sun dried apricots (for ex. «qantak» or «isfarak»). Wash out dried apricots with cold water, put in the enameled pan. Fill in with strong boiled water, close with cover. Wrap up with bath towel and leave at 10-20 hours (it is possible in a thermos as well).
        After that, filter out the broth through double cheesecloth, cool it. The turgid apricots serve up separately.
        In folk medicine such broth is recommended at constipations ant to hypertensive persons. The dried apricots also are recommended at heart disease as a potassium source.

            CREAM WITH HONEY



          500g of melted butter (or butter), 300g of honey
        Melt separately honey and butter. Connect both products and properly mix for formation of a homogeneous mix.
        Serve up for a breakfast.
        In folk medicine such delicacy is used for patients, who have organism exhaustion (at a strong weight loss, an indisposition).

            Another variant is called «BOL QAYMOQ» - cream with honey.
2 glasses of dense cream and 0.5 glasses of honey
Put the cream on fire, gradually stirring, allow beginning boil. When on a surface oil will emerge, remove from fire, pour in boiling honey and shake up before formation of a homogeneous mix.

 RECIPE OF GULOB -2



1kg of different kinds of fruits and berries, 200g of honey and 3l of waters, 0.5 tsp of a saffron or vanillin on a knife tip.
        Wash out the fresh fruits (apricots, apples, peaches and grapes), taken in equal quantity, put in the enameled saucepan. Fill in with water and put on fire. When it will begin to boil, add honey and continue boiling on slow fire to readiness. At the end of boiling add a saffron (or vanillin), densely close with cover. At serve cool in the refrigerator or a put slices of food ice. 
        Gulob is used as a cooling and freshening drink in hot days of summer. In the winter it is possible to prepare gulob from a mix of dried fruits and raisins.
TOMATO JAM


On 1kg of tomatoes – 1kg of sugar, 2.5 glasses of water, 0.5 tsp of vanillin. Small, the identical size red tomatoes are used for jam. (It is desirable tomatoes types «plum tomatoes», «gumbert», "rybka", or tomatoes not turning red).
        Cull tomatoes, delete damaged and crushed tomatoes. Wash out in running water; lay in a basin for jam.
Boil syrup from water and sugar. Fill in with this syrup the prepared tomatoes and leave for 1 day. In the next day separate syrup. Boil the syrup and again fill in tomatoes. In the third day repeat the operation again. In the fourth day put tomatoes with syrup on average fire. Get finish at readiness, removing the formed foam, add vanillin.